Atharva Global Academy of Ayurveda
Glossary of Sanskrit Terms
Abhiṣyanda: Conjunctivitis
Abhra vṛnda: A line or mass of clouds
Abhra: A cloud
Abhyanga: Massaging the body with unctuous or oil substances
Abhyantaraparimārjana: Internal administration
Abhyantararogamārga: Interior path way of diseases
Abhyāsana: Repeated practice
Abhyavaharaṇa: Eating or taking food
Acchādana: Covering, concealing, a covering sheath
Acchapeya: Internal administration of oleating substances without adding any other substance is known as acchapeya.
Acetana: Inanimate
Ādānakāla: Debilitating period
Ādhāraṇiyavega: Non-suppressible urges
Adharma: Unrighteousness, wickedness
Adhimantha: Glaucoma
Adhovāta: Flatus
Adhva gamana: Walking for a long distance
Āḍhya: Rich, wealthy
Ādhyardhadhārāśastra: Half edged knife
Ādhyaroga: Vatarakta, gout
Adhyāsana: Taking food without the digestion of the food taken earlier
Adṛṣṭa: Invisible
Āgantukaroga: Exogenous diseases
Āgāra: A house
Āgāradhūma: Soot
Āghāta: Striking, killing, a blow, stroke
Agni sweda: Thermal sudation
Agni: Power of digestion
Agnidagdha: Burns
Agnikarma (Thermal cautery): It is a method of burning or scarring organic tissue by means of a hot iron rod like instrument.
Agnisāda: Weakness of digestion
Āhāramātrā: Quantity of food
Āharaṇa: Extraction, drawing out
Āhava: Wrestling
Ahi: Snake
Aja: She goat
Ajārā: Not subject to old age or decay
Ajina: The hairy skin of animals especially of a black antelope (used as a seat or garment etc.)
Ajirna: Indigestion
Akālaśayana: Sleeping at improper time
Akāla: Untimely, premature
Akṛta: Without processed
Akṣapātava: Comprising absolute ability to carry out their normal functions of all the sense organs.
Akṣa: Axis
Akṣepaka: Convulsions
Akṣi: Eye
Alābū: Gourd
Alasaka: Intestinal hypotony
Ālasya: Lassitude
Ālocaka: The faculty of vision, the cause of sight
Āmamāṁsa: Raw or uncooked meat
Āma: Undigested food substance
Āmadoṣa: Association of undigested, toxic metabolites with humours
Āmāśaya: Stomach
Āmiṣa: Flesh
Amlapitta: Hyper-acidity, gastritis
Amlodgāra: Sour eructation
Anāgni: Non-thermal sudation
Anagni: Without the use of fire, substance other than fire
Anarha: Not deserving; not fit
Aṇḍavrddhi (Orchitis): It is an inflammation of one or both testis, accompanied by swelling, pain, fever, and a sensation of heaviness
in the affected area.
Aṅga-gourava: Heaviness in the body
Aṅgamarda: Body ache
Aṅgāra: Charcoal
Aṅgārikā: A portable fire pan
Aṅgasāda: Malaise
Aṅguli-trāṇaka yantra: Finger guard
Aṅgusta: The thumb
Animitta: Absence of an adequate cause or occasion
Añjana (Collyrium): The application of drugs in the eyes using a ‘śalākā’ or with index fingertip.
Aṅkapāda: Skin of the birds especially taken from the thigh or lower limb.
Aṅkura: A sprout
Aṅkuśa: A hook, a goad
Anna-rakṣāvidhi: Methods of protecting foods
Anṛtavacana: False words
Antarmukhaśastra: Blade bent inwards
Anu or Upa yantra: Accessory instruments
Anubandha: Which, transmigrates from one body to another
Anugāmī: Manifested after the primary disease i.e. upadrava or complications
Anukramaṇikā: A table of contents, index showing the successive contents of a work
Anulomanagati: In the same direction
Anulomana: Sending or putting in natural or right direction, purging
Anūpadeśa: Belonging to watery place, marshy land
Anupakrama: Unbefitting for treatment, absolutely irreversible
Anupāna: A drink taken after medicine, post-prandial drink
Anupasāya: Any thing or circumstance that aggravates a malady
Anurakti: Affection, love, devotion
Anurasa: Secondary taste
Anuvāsanavasti: It is a type of medicated enema in which the four types of unctuous substances are used after processing with
appropriate drugs and is intended for lubrication. As it can be conducted daily it is called anuvāsanavasti.
Anuvellita bandha: Encircling bandage
Anyatovāta: Secondary referred pain in the eyeball
Apabāhuka: Brachial neuralgia
Apaci (Scrofula): A form of tuberculosis affecting the lymph nodes, especially of the neck, that is most common in children and is usually spread by unpasteurized milk from infected cows. Also called struma.
Apasmāra (Epilepsy): A neurological disorder that causes recurring seizures.
Apatānaka: Convulsive disorders
Apatāntraka: Hysteric convulsions
Ārāśastra: Awl
Arbuda (Neoplasm or Benign or malignant tumor): A tumor that does not metastasize or invade and destroy adjacent normal tissue (benign).
Ārci: A ray of flame
Ardita: Facial paralysis
Ariṣṭa: Misfortune, ill omen, definite signs of death
Arjuna: Sub-conjunctival haemorrhage
Arśas (Hemorrhoids): Sprout like structures produced in the rectum by aggravated doṣas in conjunction with twak, māṁsa and medas as dūṣya is known as arśas.
Arśoyantra: Proctoscope
Asādhyāroga: Incurable disease
Asātmeḍriyārthasaṁyoga: The disagreeable correlation of sense organs like ears, skin, eyes, tongue and nose with the objects sound, touch, vision, taste and smell respectively is known as asātmeḍriyārthasaṁyoga.
Āścotana: The process of instilling medicinal drops into the eyes.
Aśmari (Urinary calculus): A mineral formation lodged in the urinary tract. Kidney stones are formed when excess minerals such as calcium, are present and concentrate into a hard lump. They may exist without causing discomfort, or they may cause blockage that can interfere with normal function and cause considerable discomfort.
AṣṭāṅgaĀyurveda (Eight branches of Ayurveda): Kāyacikitsā (General Medicine), Bālacikitsā (Pediatrics), Grahacikitsā (Demo-nology), Urdhwāṅgacikitsā (E.N.T. &Oph-thalmology), Śalyacikitsā (Surgery), Dañṣṭrācikitsā (Toxicology).
Aśma: A stone
Aśmaghanasweda: Stone bed sudation
Aśru: Tears
Asthāpanavasti: It is a therapeutic procedure, which arrests, restricts or withholds the advancing of age and doṣas. It is also known as kaṣāyavasti as the chief drug used in this procedure is the decoction. As it provides un-imaginary effects in the body, it is also called nirūhavasti.
Asthi: Bone
Asthibhaṅga (Fracture): Any break or crack in a bone.
Aśva: Horse
Aśvatara: Mule
Asyapāka: Stomatitis
Ātāmukhaśastra: Curved scissors
Ātāpaśevana: Exposed to sun
Atidagdha: Excessive cauterization
Atinidrā: Excessive sleeping
Atirāga: Too much of attachment
Atisāra (Diarrhea): The frequent and excessive discharge of watery feces.
Atiyoga: Excessive utilization, performing the procedure excessively, over dose
Atyagni: Excessive digestive power
Avadhi: Boundary, limit exclusive or inclusive (in time or space), Period of time
Avagāhana: Bathing, plunging, immersing
Avanti soma: Sour gruel prepared by fermenting rice water
Avapīdaka: In the disorders occurs due to the suppression of urine, medicated ghee is to be given internally before and after the digestion of the food in the quantum of minimum and maximum doses respectively. This method of administration of medicated ghee is known as avapīdaka.
Avapīḍana: Pressing down, A kind of nasya (nasal administration) in which the drug used is in the form of juice.
Avara: Inferior
Avasādana: Sinking, fainting, sitting down
Avasecana: Water used for sprinkling
Avasthambha: Resting upon, supporting
Avatarana: Descent
Āvi: A sheep
Ayoga: Inadequate utilization
Āyu: Life
Āyurveda: The science which imparts knowledge of life, provides longevity, contains relevant information and discusses all allied topics is known as Ayurveda.
Babhrū: Large brown mongoose
Baddhodara: Intestinal obstruction
Bādhirya: Deafness
Baḍiśaśastra: Sharp hook
Bahuguṇam: Abundance and richness in quality
Bahukalpam: Having multipurpose utility
Bahupāna: Drinking of excessive alcohol
Bāhyaparimārjana: External administration
Bāhyarogamārga: Exterior path way of diseases
Baka: Common crane
Bala: Strength
Bālaka: Snow wreath crane
Bandhana (Bandages): 15 types of bandages are enumerated. They differ according to the material used and according to the parts of the body to which they need to be applied.
Bhagandara (Fistula in ano): An abnormal duct or passageway in the body. A fistula may be congenital or the complication of an infection.
Bhañjana: Application of pressure or rubbing around a part of the body
Bhāra-vahana: Carrying heavy loads
Bhāsa: Beard vulture
Bhasma: Micro-fined powder of mineral drug obtained by incineration
Bhaya: Fear
Bhedana: Excision
Bheka: Frog
Bhiṣak: Physician
Bhrama (Vertigo): The sensation of dizziness. Feeling that one is spinning or that one’s surroundings are spinning around, one causing confusion and difficulty in keeping one’s balance.
Bhrāṣṭra: A frying pan
Bhṛṅgāhwa: King bird of paradise
Bhūsweda: Ground bed sudation
Biḍālaka: Application of medicated paste over eyelids leaving eye lashes.
Bindu: The amount of liquid that flown after immersing two digits of the index finger in any liquid substance is equivalent to one bindu.
Bisa: Stalks of lotus
Brāhma muhūrta: It is the time, which is the second half of the last yāma (3 hours) of the night or early hours of the dawn i.e. approximately at about 4.24 am. It is the suitable time to study and obtain knowledge. It is also the time when all the three doṣas are in the equilibrium state.
Bṛhatpañcamūla: Bilwa (triphala), kāṣmāri (gambhāri), tarkāri (agnimantha), patala (amogha) and ṭiṇṭuka (śyonāka).
Bṛhattrayi (Greater trio): Caraka Saṁhitā, SuśrutaSaṁhitā and AṣṭāṅgaSaṅgraha/AṣṭāṅgaHṛdaya are collectively known as Bṛhattrayi.
Bṛṁhaṇa: Whatever adds to the corpulence of the body is bṛṁhaṇa or nourishing therapy.
Cakora: Chukor
Cakrāhwa: Ruddy sheldrake
Calana: Movement of the foreign object in the body from one place to another
Cāmara: Yak
Chardi (Vomiting): To expel the contents of the stomach forcibly through the mouth.
Carmakila (Wart): A hard rough lump growing on the skin, caused by infection with certain viruses and occurring typically on the hands or feet.
Cāruṣka: A kind of deer
Cāṣa: Blue jay
Caṭaka: Sparrow
Caturjātaka: Trijatāka along with nāgakeśara is known as caturjātaka.
Caturvidhapuruṣārthas: Dharma, Artha, Kāma, Mokṣa.
Catuṣkoṇa: Quadrangular
Catussneha: Four types of oleating substances viz. ghṛta, taila, vasā and majjā.
Caya: Accumulation
Chedana: Incision, cutting
Chidrodara: Intestinal perforation
Cilicima: Red striped fish
Cīna bandha: Banner bandage
Cirāyu (Longevity): The term denoting the length or duration of the life of living beings.
Chuluka: Gangetic dolphin
Cūrṇa (Fine powder of dry drug): The dried drug is powdered finely without adding any liquid and strained through a clean cloth. Kṣoda and raja are the synonyms.
Dadhi: Curd
Dadhimastu: Whey
Daha: Burning sensation
Dakṣatā: Efficiency
Dāma bandha: Tail of quadruped
Danta dhāvana (Tooth brushing): The natural toothbrush is made from the root of the tree Salvadora persica, which contains all kinds of natural nutrients, a great quantity of fluorine and silicon, vitamin C, sulphur, salvadorine, trimethylamine and several minerals like potassium, sodium, chloride, sodium bicarbonate and calcium oxides. Brushing the tooth with the natural toothbrush can be considered as the best tool to promote good oral hygiene. It prevents the formation of cavities and plaque and makes teeth whiter and enamel stronger.
Danta māṁsa: Gums
Dantaharṣa: Morbid sensitiveness of the teeth
Dantalekhanaśāstra: Dental scraper
Dāraṇa: Rupturing
Darśanaparīkṣā: Examination of the patient by means of inspection.
Daśamūla (Ten roots): Bṛhatpañcamūla and hraswapañcamūla are collectively known as daśamūla.
Dātyūha: Gallinule bird
Dāvānala (Dāvāgni): Wild fire, forest conflagration
Dīpana: Increasing the digestive fire or process but not digesting toxic metabolites.
Deśa: Habitat
Dhānyāmla: An alcoholic preparation prepared by fermenting the water in which rice and other grains are cooked.
Dhāraṇīyavega: Suppressible urges
Dhārī: Synonym of āyu, the one that prevents the body from decay.
Dhātu: Body tissues which maintain as well as nourish the body
Dhātwagni: Dhātwagni is nothing but the part or share of jaṭharāgni (digestive power), which is present inside all of the saptadhātus. This is also another factor responsible for the increase or decrease of body tissues due to the debility and intensity of the dhātwagni respectively.
Dhūmapāna: Inhalation of medicated fumes through nostrils or through oral cavity is prescribed as a minor treatment procedure in order to dissolve the vitiated kapha in head, nose and throat.
Dhūmikā: Owlet
Dinacaryā: Daily regimen
Divyodaka or Gāṅgāmbu: Uncontaminated rain water
Doṣa: Vitiating factor, corrupting agent
Doṣa-karmajavyādhi: Disease caused by both the factors viz. non-observance of wholesome diet schedule and lifestyle activities as well as sinful acts of previous life.
Doṣotthavyādhi: Disease caused due to non-observance of wholesome diet and regimen and simultaneous adoption of unwholesome food and activities.
Drava sweda: Conducting sudation by means of warm liquid
Dravya (Substance): The one which is a substratum of qualities and actions and which is a concomitant cause in the matter.
Dravya guna (Viṁśatiguna/Dvandva guna/Karmaṇyaśāmāyaguna/Gurvādiguna): They are 20 in number viz.
- guru (heaviness),
- laghu (lightness),
- manda (dullness),
- tīkṣṇa (sharpness),
- hima or śīta (cold),
- uṣṇa (hot),
- snigdha (unctuousness),
- rūkṣa (dryness),
- ślākṣṇa (smooth),
- khara (rough),
- sāndra (solid),
- drava (liquid),
- mṛdu (soft),
- kaṭhina (hard),
- sthira (stable),
- cala (mobile),
- sūkṣma (minute),
- sthūla (bulk),
- viśāda (clarity/non sliminess),
- picchila (sliminess).
Dṛṣṭigataroga: Disorders of the vision
Durdagdha: Improper cauterization
Duṣiviṣa: Artificial poisoning
Duṣṭavarṇa (Chronic ulcer): A long-standing ulcer with fibrous scar tissue at its base
Dūṣya: Which are liable to be corrupted or vitiated (viz. seven tissues of the body and the trimalas).
Dwipi: Panther
Dwitāla: Instrument with double blade
Ekāṅgasweda: Local sudation
Ekatāla: Instrument with single blade
Eṇa: Black buck
Eṣaṇa: Probing, exploring
Eṣaṇīśāstra: Sharp probe
Gaṇḍamālā (Lymphadenopathy): Swelling of more lymph nodes or lymph glands
Gandha: Smell
Gandūṣa: Holding the liquid substances in the buccal cavity for a specific period without moving the drug is known as gandūṣa.
Garaviṣa: Artificial poisoning
Garbha śāniku: Fetus or traction hook
Gavaya: Gayal cow
Gharṣaṇaśilā: Stone useful for rubbing the collyrium material
Ghaṭī yantra: Pot
Ghrāṇa-arśo-arbuda yantra: Nasal speculum
Gṛdhrā: Vulture
Ghṛta: Ghee
Girivartikā: Mountain quail
Glāni: Malaise
Go: Cow
Godhā: Iguana lizard
Gokarṇa: Deer antelope
Gomūtra: Cow’s urine
Gonarda: Hill partridge
Gosphana bandha: Sling bandage
Gosphānikā: Irregular wound suturing
Gourava: Heaviness
Grahāṇiroga: Amoebiasis
Grahāṇi: Anatomically it is a part of the abdominal cavity located above the umbilicus and between the stomach and large intestines, where the pittadhārakalā, mainly involved in the digestion of food, is situated.
Grāhī: One of the attributes of the substances that absorbs water
Granthi (Cyst): An abnormal sac containing liquid or semi-liquid waste material. Cysts often do not cause symptoms and are therefore not treated; one that causes pressure or other problems may be surgically removed.
Gridhramukha yantra: Falcon forceps
Gṛdhrasi: Sciatica
Guda-nissaraṇa: Prolapsed rectum
Guḍa: Jaggery
Gulma: Tumour
Guṇa (Attribute): A principle which remains in dravya with inseparable concomitance, devoid of effort and a causative factor in the genesis of similar attributes is defined as guṇa.
Guruprāvaraṇa: Conducting sudation by covering with heavy blanket.
Halimaka: Advanced stage of jaundice
Haṁsa: Swan
Haṁsodaka: The water which exposes to the sun during daytime and to the moon during night hours and purified by the season and detoxified by the influence of Agastya nakṣatra is known as haṁsodaka.
Hariṇa: Deer
Hetu-viparyayacikitsā: Treatment is opposite to their causative factors.
Hiccā (Hiccough): A sudden intake of air checked by closure of the glottis causing aspund typical to the condition. The hiccup originates with irritation to a nerve that causes an involuntary spasm of the muscle of the diaphragm.
Hima: Kaṣāya prepared by steeping raw drugs in cold water is called hima. Six parts of water are added to the coarse powder of 1 part of the drug to be used. The mixture should then be kept overnight. Next day the drug should be ground and filtered through a clean cloth. The resultant substance is called hima.
Hīnavega: Absence or insufficient bouts
Hinayoga: Insufficient utilization
Holākāsweda: Under bed sudation
Hraswamātrā: The quantity of oil digested in two yāma (6 hours) is called hraswamātrā.
Hṛcchūla (Angina pectoris): A dull pressure or pain in the center of the chest that may be accompanied by a burning sensation not unlike indigestion and may radiate down the left arm; an indication that the heart muscle is not getting enough oxygen during a period of stress or exertion.
Hṛdroga: Diseases of the heart.
Hṛllāsa: Nausea
Iksu: Sugarcane
Irṣyā: Jealousy
Jalacara: Birds moving in water
Jaloukāvacharaṇa (Application of leeches): Leeches (jalāyuka means whose life is water, jalaukā means whose home is water) are employed to extract bad or superfluous blood and thus cure many ailments caused by vitiated blood. It is the mildest form of bloodletting and is used when venesection is not indicated.
Jāmbavousṭhaśalākā: Jāmunā fruit probe
Jambuka: Jackal
Jāṅgaladeśa: Desert land
Jāṅgalamāṁsa: Meat of animals dwelling in desert-like lands
Jantu: Animal origin
Jānu: Knee
Jara: Geriatrics
Jatharāgni: Digestive fire
Jatu: Lac
Jeṇṭākasweda: Sudatorium sudation
Jīrṇajwara: Chronic fever
Jīvanīyapācamūla: Abhīrū, irā, jīvantī, jīvaka&ṛṣabhaka
Jīvanāyaka: Common mynah
Jīvitam: That keeps alive
Jṛmbhā: Yawning
Jwara (Fever): Doṣas do get aggravated due to faulty diet and activities and reside in āmāśaya and causes rise of body temperature along with mental distress, which is known as jwara.
Kadamba: Whistling teal
Kākamukha yantra: Crow forceps
Kāla: Time
Kalka: It is a paste of coarsely powdered drugs with water or the paste of fresh leaves of herbs.
Kāmalā (Jaundice): A condition caused by bile pigments in the blood, manifested by a yellowing of the skin and the sclera, and caused by disease or other abnormality. Often a disease causing the yellowing of the skin is itself called jaundice.
Kāmbalika: It is prepared by boiling 1 part of whey and 1/8th part of green gram dāla. When dāla boils completely, add powders of sauvarchalalavana, jīraka, jāmbīrasvarasa, tvak, elā, patra, lavaṅga etc., and mix well and then use.
Kaṇakapota: Wood pigeon
Kaṇḍū: Itching sensation
Kaṇḍuka: A boiler or woven
Kanīnikā: Inner canthus
Kaṅkamukha yantra: Heron forceps
Kaṇṭakapañcamūla: Śvādanstrā, abhīru, saireyaka, hiṁsra&kaṇṭakārda
Kaṇṭhaśalyadarśananāḍī yantra: Throat speculum
Kapiñjala: Jungle bush quail
Kapota: Dove
Kāraṇḍava: Goose
Karapatraśāstra: Saw
Karkaṭa: Crab
Karma (Action): Karma present in the matter is the cause of combination and separation. Karma is the action relating to something to be achieved. It doesn’t require any other factor for its action.
Karmajavyādhi: Diseases caused by the sinful acts of previous life
Karṇapūrana: Ear drops
Karṇavyadhanaśāstra: Needle for piercing the ear
Karpara: An iron sauce pan
Karṣūsweda: Trench sudation
Kārśya (Emaciation): The process of losing so much flesh as to become extremely thin; wasting.
Kartariśāstra: Scissors
Kāsa (Cough): Sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs. Coughing is a defensive reflex that clears the lungs of excess mucous or irritating matter. The cough will persist as long as the condition that causes it, but it may be suppressed by soothing liquids or drugs that act on the cough reflex.
Kaṭi: Hip
Khaḍa: Processing buttermilk with green vegetables or pulses is known as khaḍa.
Khaga: Rhinoceros
Khaja śāstra: Churner
Khara: Donkey
Kharadhārāṭi: Rough edged
Khatva bandha: Four-tailed bandage
Kilāṭa: Inspissated milk i.e. making thick by evaporating moisture
Kledavāhana: Elimination of moisture
Kledavidhṛti: Retention of moisture
Kokila: Koel
Kopana: Aggravating
Kośa bandha: Sheath bandage
Koṣṭha: Bowels
Kotha: Skin rash
Kṛcchronmīla: Blepharo-spasm
Krakara: Snipe
Kr̥mi (Intestinal parasites): Intestinal parasites are parasites that populate the gastro-intestinal tract. In humans, they are often spread by poor hygiene related to open defecation, contact with animals, or poorly cooked food containing parasites.
Kr̥ṣārā (Khicadi): Take rice 1 part, dāla ¼ or ½ parts, salt, ginger and hingu in an appropriate quantity and boil in 4 times of water, to obtain kr̥ṣārā.
Kṛṣṇagataroga: Diseases of the cornea
Kṛta: Processed the food with oil, salt, and pungent substances
Kṛtānnavarga: Group of food preparations
Krodha: Anger
Krouñca: Demoiselle crane
Krūrakoṣṭa: Hard bowels
Kṣāra karma: Application of caustic alkalies
Kṣāra: Alkaline substances of drugs obtained from their ashes
Kṣavathu: Sneezing
Kṣaya or Śoṣa (Cachexia): Weight loss, wasting of muscle, loss of appetite, and general debility that can occur during a chronic disease.
Kṣaya: Decrease or diminution
Kṣoumamasi: Ash of silk cloth
Kṣudhānigrahaṇa: Suppression of hunger
Kṣudhā: Hunger
Kukubha: Crow pheasant
Kukūla: Fire made of cow dung cakes
Kuliṅgaka: Sparrow hawk
Kulmāṣa: Bengal gram, green gram, peas etc. cooked over steam
Kumbhisweda: Pitcher bed sudation
Kumbhira: Gavial
Kunṭha: Bluntness
Kūpasweda: Pit sudation
Kurāṅga: Roe deer
Kurara: Fish eagle
Kurara-mukha yantra: Osprey forceps
Kūrcikā: Solid portion of curds
Kūrma: Tortoise
Kuśapatraśāstra: Cataract knife
Kuṣṭharoga (Leprosy and other skin diseases): Leprosy is a mildly contagious chronic bacterial infection that causes loss of sensation.
Kuṭhārīkāśāstra: Axe
Kuṭisweda: Cabin sudation
Kuṭṭana: Pricking
Lagu pañcamūla: Bṛhatīdvaya (bṛhatī&kaṇṭakārī), aṇuśmatīdvaya (śālīparṇī&pṛṣṇiparṇī) and gokṣura
Lājā: Parched rice
Lāghana: Whatever is capable to reduce the body is known as lāghana or reducing therapy.
Latwā: Scarlet minivet
Lāvā: Common quail
Lekhana: Scarification, scraping
Lepa: Medicine in the form of paste used for external application
Lobha: Greed
Lopakā: Fox
Madātyaya: Alcoholic intoxication
Madgu: Little cormorant
Madhu śarkarā: The sediment portion of honey formed due to the preservation of honey in a bottle for a prolonged period is known as madhuśarkarā.
Madhu: Honey
Madhuḥā: Honey buzzard
Madhumeha: Diabetes mellitus
Madhvāsava: Alcohol prepared from honey
Madhyama koṣṭha: Moderate bowels
Madhyama kṣāra: Moderate alkalies
Madhyama mātrā: The quantity of oil digested in four yāma (12 hours) is called madhyamamātrā.
Madhyama pañcamūla: Balā, punarnavā, eraṇḍa, śūrapaṇṛidvaya (mudgaparṇī&māṣaparṇī)
Madhyama rogamārga: Middle path way of diseases
Madhyama: Average
Madya: Alcoholic preparations
Mahāmṛga: Animals of huge body
Mahān: The combination of all the best four oleating substances (sarpi, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as mahān.
Mahiṣa: Buffalo
Majjā: Bone marrow
Makara: Great Indian crocodile
Mākṣika: Honey
Mala: Bio-wastes
Māṁsa rasa: Mutton juice
Māṁsa: Muscular tissue, meet of animals
Manas: Mind
Mānasikaroga: Psychic disorders
Maṇḍa: One part of paddy is cooked with 14 parts of water and after the rice is completely cooked, the remaining liquid portion is
drained and collected as maṇḍa.
Maṇḍāgni: Weak digestive fire
Maṇḍala bandha: Circular bandage
Maṇḍalāgraśastra: Round headed knife
Mantha kalpanā: It is a cold infusion and to prepare mantha one part of coarse powder of drug should be taken and soaked in sufficient quantity of water for 1-2 hours. When the powder becomes soft, four parts of water should be added and churned well and then filtered.
Manthana: Churning
Mārga-viśodhana: Clearing the passage
Mārjāra: Cat
Marma: Vital points
Maṣaka: Elevated mole
Mātrākāla: The time taken either for moving one’s right hand around his right knee joint for one time or for blinking the eyes once is known as one mātrākāla.
Mātrāvasti: It is one of the types of anuvasanavasti and its dose is equivalent to that of minimum dose of oleation therapy.
Matsya: Aquatic animals
Medas: Fatty tissue or adipose tissue
Mithyāyoga: Improper employment of the mind, speech and body by the individual
Moraṇa: Fermented buttermilk
Mṛdukoṣṭha: Soft bowels
Mṛdukṣāra: Mild alkalies
Mṛdusweda: Mild sudation
Mṛga: Antelope or deer
Mṛgamātrya: A kind of red colored hare like deer
Mṛtkapāla: Pot shred
Mudrikāśastra: Finger knife
Mukha lepa: Face pack
Mukharoga: Diseases of mouth
Mūrchā (Syncope/Fainting): Loss of consciousness caused by a temporary interruption in the flow of blood to the brain.
Mūrdhataila: Application of oil on the head. It is 4 types viz. abhyanga, picu, seka and vasti.
Mūṣaka: Mouse
Mūtra: Urine
Mūtrāghāta: Anuria, retention of urine
Mūtrakṛcchra: Dysuria
Mūtrāvarodha (Retention of urine): Urinary retention also known as ischuria is a lack of ability to urinate. It is a common complication of benign prostatic hypertrophy (also known as benign prostatic hyperplasia or BPH). Urinary retention is characterized by poor urinary stream with intermittence, straining, a sense of incomplete voiding and urgency.
Nāḍi sweda: Steam kettle sudation
Nāḍi yantra: Tubular instruments
Nāḍīvrana (Sinus): It is a sack or cavity in any organ or tissue, or an abnormal cavity or passage caused by the destruction of tissue. Sinus is a chronically infected tract such as a passage between an abscess and the skin. It is however distinct from a fistula which is a tract connecting two epithelialised surfaces.
Nakha śastra: Nail parer
Nakra: Crocodile
Nānātmakaroga: Diseases which are originated with single vitiated humour only and not blended with any other humour.
Nasya karma: Errhine therapy, nasal administration
Nava jwara: Acute fever
Nāvana: Nasal administration of medicated oil
Navanīta: Butter
Netra praveśana: Sunken eyes
Nidāna (Causative factors): The Sanskrit word nidāna means literally cause, or more particularly, primary cause. It is employed as a class name for investigations into the causation of disease as well as for the ascertainment of the disease.
Nidrā: Sleep
Nija roga: Endogenous disorders
Nirāmaavasthā: State of homeostasis
Nirghātana: Striking out extraction of a foreign object from the body by moving it forward and backward by instrument.
Nirlajjā: Shamelessness
Nisthīva: Spitting
Niśī: Night, Bedtime
Nityaga: That serves as a permanent substitution of this body
Nyanku: Antelope
Odana: Rice
Ojas (Bodily Strength/Vitality/Energy): Ojas is the essence of seven tissues of the body, especially of the seventh viz. śukra. It pervades the entire body although its principal seat is the heart. Its flow starts from the heart and permeates every minute subdivision of the system. It is white in color, with a touch of red and yellow. It is of 2 types viz. para and apara. The normal quantity of para ojas is eight drops. It is the principal factor responsible for the effective functioning of the body and the sense organs.
Oṣadhasevanakāla: Time of administration of drugs
Pācana: Digestion of toxic metabolites but not increases the digestive fire or process
Pādacatuṣṭaya: Four essential limbs of the treatment
Pādaghāta: Massaging the body with foot
Pakvāśaya: Large intestines
Pānaka: Syrup
Pañca kola: Pippalī, pippalīmūla, cavya, citraka&nāgara (śuṇṭhi)
Pañcakarma: Five bio-cleansing procedures
Pañcamahābhūta: Five basic elements viz. pṛthvī, ap, tejo, vāyu&ākāśa
Pañcamukhanāḍī yantra: Speculum with five holes
Pañcāṅgī bandha: Five tailed bandage
Pāṇḍu: Anaemia
Paratantraroga: Secondary diseases
Parikartikā: Cutting pain
Pariṇāma: Transformation
Parśnī: Calcaneal region/heel
Parśvagraha: Pain in the flanks
Paruṣavacana: Abusive or harsh words
Parva: Small joints
Pascāt karma: Post-operative care
Pāyasa: Milk pudding
Peyā: ‘Peyā’ is a thin gruel of rice along with its solid portion (siktha). To prepare peyā, 14 parts of water and 1 part of broken rice are taken and boil well till all the rice particles become soft.
Phalavarti: Rectal suppository
Phāṇita: Half cooked molasses
Phāṇṭa: It is the process of infusion, where four parts of hot water should be added to coarse powder of 1 part of the herb to be used. After some time the powder must be ground well, filtered and used with proper anupāna.
Picu: A gauze piece dipped in oil used for local application on a wound or body part.
Piḍana: Pressing by finger or an instrument to allow pus etc. to come out of the abscess.
Pinasa (Chronic or hypertrophic rhinitis): Chronic rhinitis with permanent thickening of the mucous membrane. Rhinitis is inflammation of the inner lining of the nose. It is caused by an over sensitive immune response.
Piṇḍasweda (Śaṅkarasweda): Mixed fomentation
Piṇḍikodweṣṭha: Pain in the calf muscles
Piṇyāka: It is the residue of sesamum, groundnut and other oil yielding seeds after extracting the entire oil from them.
Pīyuṣa: Milk during the first week of calving
Plava: Pelican
Pūrva karma: Pre-operative procedure
Prabhāva: Where there is similarity in two drugs in relation to their rasa, vipāka and vīrya but inspite of this similarity these two drugs differ with regard to their action, the distinctive feature responsible for their distinctive effects not supported by their rasa, vipāka and vīrya is regarded as prabhāva.
Pracchāna: Incision
Pradhāmana: Blowing, stuffing in order to clean e.g. powders into the nose with tubes
Pradhāna karma: Main operative procedure
Prajñāparādha: Intellectual blasphemy
Prakopa: Aggravation
Prakṛti (Constitution): It is decided by the predominance of one or more doṣas at the time of fertilization.
Prakṣālana: Washing with water, flushing of wound.
Pramāṇa: Anthropometry
Pramārjana: Cleansing, removing foreign objects from the eye
Prameha (Polyuria): Renal disorder characterized by the production of large volumes of pale dilute urine; often associated with diabetes.
Prāṇācārya: Royal physician
Prasahā: Animals and birds who eat by snatching
Praśamana: Alleviation
Prasanna: Pure supernatant portion of the fermented alcohol
Praseka: Excessive salivation
Praśna (Interrogation): It is regarded as one of the diagnostic aids. It is prescribed as a method of examination along with darśana (observation) and sparśana (palpation).
Pratilomagati: Reverse direction
Pratiśyāya: Coryza
Pratolī/Mutolī bandha: Recurrent bandage
Pratuda: Packer birds
Pravara: Superior, optimum
Prāvṛtṛtu: Early rainy season
Pṛthukā: Rice parched and flattened
Pṛṣata: Spotted deer
Pṛthu: Broad
Purāṇaghṛta (Old ghee): Ghee preserved for more than 100 years in the earth is called kaumbha, and if it is preserved for about 10 years, it is known as purāṇaghṛta. If the ghee is preserved for more than 10 years it is branded as prapūrāṇaghṛta.
Purāṇa: Filling or injection
Purīṣa: Stools
Purogāmī: Manifested prior to the primary disease i.e. pūrvarūpa or premonitory symptoms
Pūrvarūpa: Premonitory symptoms
Puspitā: During menstruation
Putapāka: Soothing eyes with medicated liquids which are extracted and prepared through putapākavidhi, i.e., prepare paste by pounding the drug and then wrap it with thick leaves and tie it firmly. Afterwards besmear the bolus with mud and then it is subjected to heat by keeping it in between the two dung cakes till it becomes red hot. Afterwards take it out and allow to auto cool then collect the juice by pounding and squeezing the paste.
Quath/Kwātha: It is the aqueous extract or decoction. Add 16 times water to 1 part of coarse powder and boil on mild fire till it reduces to 1/8th quantity. The liquid thus obtained is known as kaṣāya. Sṛta, quatha and nīryūha are the synonyms of kaṣāya.
Rāga: It is prepared by using the juice of vṛkṣāmla, paruṣaka and jambu, added with little quantity of mustard powder, sugar candy, souvarecalalavaṇa, and saindhavalavaṇa.
Rajas: The word denotes passion, impurity and obscuration. More specifically, however, it signifies activity and change at the phenomenal level. Rajas is one of the three gunas of prakṛti. It is responsible for the variety of things and events in the world and for the manifold structure and function of the human constitution. It also determines personality types by its dominance, and the energetics in life.
Rāji: Snake fish
Rakta: Blood
Raktamokṣaṇa (Rakta śruti): Bloodletting
Raktapitta: Bleeding disorders
Raktavartma: Red jungle fowl
Rasa (Taste): It is the object of gustatory sense organ, and distinct from the objects of other sense organs. Among the tastes present in a substance that which clearly manifests is designated as rasa. Primarily ap and pṛthvī constitute the substratum for the manifestation of rasa and the other three basic elements viz. ākāśa, vāyu&tejas are only efficient causes of the manifestation of the specific qualities of the taste.
Rasa saṁyoga: Combination of rasas
Rasakriyā: When some decoction is again boiled till it becomes semi-solid, it is termed as rasakriyā or avaleha.
Rasālā (Śrīkhaṇḍa): Take fresh curds in a thick cloth and make it a bolus and then keep it by hanging throughout the night, so that the liquid portion is completely filtered. Then add fine powder of sugar candy, cardamom, etc., and can be used as rasālā.
Rasāñjana: Solidified decoction of dāruharidrā (Berberis aristata)
Rasāyana (Rejuvenative): Prevents decay and postpones ageing
Retas: Semen
Rjugarntihi: Interrupted skin suturing
Rjūkaraṇa: Straightening what has been bent
Ṛkṣa: Bear
Ṛkṣamukha yantra: Bear forceps
Ṛtucaryā: Seasonal regimen
Ṛtu sandhi: Seasonal juncture
Roga: Disease
Rogī: Patient
Rohita: Red fish
Romaharṣa: Horripilation
Rudhira: Blood
Rūkṣasweda: Dry sudation
Rūpa: Vision
Śabda: Sound
Sādhāraṇadeśa: Moderate type of land
Sādhyaroga: Curable disease
Sadvytta: Code of noble conduct
Śākavarga: Group of vegetables
Śakṛt: Stools
Śaktū: It is a dietetic preparation. It is a fine powder of roasted yava (barley), godhūma (wheat), taṇḍula (rice), or lajā (parched rice) made into thick solution with water.
Samāgni: Normal digestive fire
Śalākāśāstra: Probe
Śalākā yantra: Rod-like instruments
Śamana: Pacification
Sāmānya: Generality
Samasāna: Taking wholesome and unwholesome foods together
Śambara: Deer with branched horns
Śambūka: Common snail
Sandāmśa yantra: Pincher-like instruments
Sampannam: Potent and free from infection and moisture
Samprāpti (Pathogenesis): The word samprāpti literally means arrival, attainment, appearance. It means the appearance or the actual arousal of the disease. Jāti (birth of a disease) and āgati (coming or appearance of a disease) are the synonyms of samprāpti. The synonym āgati has been explained by Cakrapāṇi as the course of the cause of disease from its origination till the actual appearance of the disease. Thussamprapti signifies the knowledge of the exact manner in which a certain disease has developed in a patient.
Samsarga: Dvidosaja — caused by the vitiation of any two doṣa
Saṁsarjana krama: Dietary regimen employed after Pañcakarma
Saṁskāra: Processing
Saṁsthara or Prastarasweda: Hot bed fomentation
Sāmudrodaka: Contaminated rain water
Sāmya: Equilibrium
Samyak dagdha: Proper cauterization
Saṁcaya: Accumulation
Śāṇḍakivataka: Balls of rice dried in sun and then fried in oil
Sandhigataroga: Diseases of the joints of the eye
Śāṅkha: Conch snail
Sannipāta: Tridosaja — caused by the vitiation of all the tridoṣa
Śapharī: Small glistening fish
Śarabha: A kind of deer; or a fabulous animal (supposed to have eight legs and to inhabit the snowy mountains; it is represented as stronger than the lion and the elephant)
Śārapada: Stork
Śarīramukhaśāstra: Pointed scissors
Śārasa: Sarasa crane
Śārikā: Mynah
Śārīrikaroga: Somatic disorders
Śarkarā: Sugar
Sarpavaktraśāstra: Snake’s hood shaped blade
Sarvāṅgasweda: Conduction of sudation all over the body
Śaśa: Hare
Śaśaghnī: Golden eagle
Śāstrakośa: Surgical instrument case
Śāstrapāyana: Tempering
Śāstrapraṇidhāna: Use of instruments
Śāstra: Sharp instruments
Śāstra-karma: Surgical procedure
Sātmya: It refers to the agreeability, suitability or wholesomeness of food, drink or conduct.
Sattwa: It is one of the three guṇas which constitute prakṛti, entering into human constitution and determining by its predominance, the personality type and temperament; a synonym of manas (mind); psychic power.
Seka: Seka is the continuous pouring of medicinal liquids viz. sneha, quatha, kṣīra etc. on the eye for a specified time.
Ṣaḍrasa: Six types of tastes viz. madhura rasa (sweet), amla rasa (sour), lavana rasa (salt), tikta rasa (bitter), uṣaṇa or kaṭu rasa (pungent), kaṣāya rasa (astringent)
Ṣaḍṛtu: Hemanta (winter), śiśira (cold), vasanta (spring), grīṣma (summer), varṣā (rainy), śarada (autumn)
Ṣaḍupakrama: 6 types of treatments viz. brṁhaṇa (nourishing therapy), laṅghana (reduction therapy), snehana (oleation therapy), swedana (sudation therapy), rūkṣaṇa (drying therapy) &sthambhana (astringent therapy)
Śaṇḍhatā: Impotency
Sidhu: Alcohol prepared from sugar cane juice
Śikhi: Peacock
Śimbīvarga: Group of pulses
Siṁha: Lion
Siṁhamukha yantra: Lion forceps
Śirāharṣa: Allergic hyperemia of the eyeball
Śirāvedhana (Venesection): Cutting or opening a vein is a technique employed for bloodletting.
Śiroroga: Diseases of the head
Śīrotpātā: Episcleritis
Śiśumāra: Estuarine crocodile
Śītapitta (Urticaria): An allergic condition characterized by itchy blotches or welts
Sivana: Sewing, suturing, stitching
Ślipada: Filariasis
Snāyu: Tendons
Sneha vicāraṇa: Administering the oleating substances internally by mixing them with other food substances is known as vicāraṇa.
Snigdha sweda: Moist sudation
Śodhana: Purificatory therapeutic procedure
Śoka: Grief
Śopha: Swelling
Śoṣa: Wasting
Souriraka: It is an alcoholic preparation prepared by fermenting the water in which the dehusked barley grains are cooked.
Sparśa: Touch
Sparśanaparīkṣā: Examination of the patient by means of auscultation.
Sphoṭa: Boils
Śrama: Tiredness
Śramaswāsa: Dyspnoea on exertion
Śrāvaṇa: Extraction of fluids, letting out, evacuation of pus, secretion, draining
Śṛmara: Wild boar
Śṛiṅga yantra: Horn or instrument for cupping
Srotomukhaviśodhana: Removal of the obstruction of channels
Sthagika bandha: Supporter bandage
Sthāvara: Plant origin
Sthoulya: Obesity
Sūcīśāstra: Needles
Suci: Cleanliness, purity, sanctity
Sūcikūrçaśāstra: Brush with spikes
Śūkavarga: Group of cereals or corn with bristles
Śūka: Parrot
Śuklagataroga: Diseases of the sclera
Śukra: Spermatozoa
Śukraka: Keratitis
Śukta: Fermented gruel
Śukti: Pearl oyster
Surā: Alcoholic preparation
Śuṣkakāsa: Dry cough
Swarabhañga or Swaranāśa: Harshness or roughness of voice or sound, due to mucus collected on the vocal cords, or to swelling or looseness of the cords.
Swarabheda: Hoarseness of voice
Swarasa: Expressing the juice after pounding the fresh and healthy part of the herb by means of ulukhala yantra and then squeezing it with a piece of clean cloth is known as swarasa.
Śwāsa (Dyspnoea): A respiratory disorder characterized by difficulty in breathing.
Swasthahita: Wholesome to healthy persons; which maintains homeostasis
Swastika bandha: Circular cross bandage
Swastika yantra: Cruciform instruments
Swatantra roga: Primary diseases
Śvāvidhā: Porcupine
Śvāvidā: Hedgehog
Sweda karma (Sudation therapy): The process which relieves stiffness, heaviness, coldness and which induces sweating is known as sweda karma.
Śvitra (Vitiligo/Leucoderma): A condition in which there is an absence of natural pigment in sections of the skin or hair that appear as whitish or light patches.
Syena: Hawk
Tāḍana: Tapping
Taila: Although, literally taila means only sesamum oil (oil obtained from tila), it is generally employed for every one of the oil obtained from various resources.
Takra: Buttermilk
Tāla yantra: Picklock like instruments
Tamas: Darkness or ignorance; One of the three qualities of manas. It stands for mass, inertia, resistance to activity or conservation.
Tambūla: The leaf of piper betel, which together with the areca nut and catechu chewed after meal, is known as tambūla.
Tāmarcūḍa: Cock
Tandrā (Stupor, Dullness, Lethargy): A deficiency in mental and physical alertness and activity.
Taṇḍulodaka: Rice grains of 1 part are pounded coarsely and kept in a bowl containing 4 times water. After some time collect the water. The water thus collected is known as taṇḍulodaka.
Tāpasweda: Conducting sudation by means of direct heat.
Tarakṣu: Hyena
Tarpana: The process of soothing eyes with medicated liquid is known as tarpana, where the eyes are kept drenched in medicated liquids.
Tīkṣṇakṣāra: Strong alkalies
Tīkṣṇāgni: Strong digestive fire
Tīkṣṇañjana: Strong collyrium
Timīṅgala: Whale
Timira (Cataract): Opacity of the lens of the eye that interferes with vision.
Timira: Immature cataract
Titiri: Partridge
Trāsana: Sudden threatening
Tridoṣa: The three humours of the body viz. vāta, pitta and kapha; the theory of tridoṣa is formulated on the basis of observation of nature and application of the law of the uniformity of nature. Suśruta says that as Soma (the moon), Sūrya (the sun) and Vāyu (air) hold the cosmos by their functions of visarga (releasing), ādāna (receiving) and vikṣepa (dissemination) so do the three doṣas kapha, pitta &vāta in the living body.
Trijātaka: Twak, elā&patra are together called as trijātaka.
Trikaṭu: Suṇṭhī, marica&pippalī
Trikūrçaśāstra: Instrument with three metallic spikes
Triṁśatī: Thirty
Trimukhanāḍī yantra: Speculum with three holes
Tṛṇadhānya: Grains growing wild or without cultivation
Tṛṇapañcamūla: Darbha, kāsa, ikṣu, sara &śāli
Triphalā: Harītakī, āmalakī&vibhītakī are collectively known as triphalā. Recent medical research conducted by several leading academic institutions in India such as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre and Jawaharlal Nehru University has revealed its value as a potential detoxifying and anti-cancer agent. In Ayurvedic classics the conditions viz. prameha (urinary disorders including diabetes), kuṣṭa (skin diseases including leprosy), viṣamajwara (intermittent fevers including malaria) and agnimāndya (loss of appetite) are indicated for triphalā. Triphalā is also attributed with cakṣuṣya (eye tonic) property. In Caraka Saṁhitā, triphalā is accredited with rasāyana (rejuvenator) property. Vāgbhaṭa observes that triphalā administered along with guggulu acts as best wound healer.
Tripuṭa: Triangular
Tṛṣṇā (Thirst): An intuitive desire for fluid. In order to maintain normal function, the body needs replenishment of fluids to replace that lost through the lungs, sweat glands and kidneys. A number of conditions, such as stress, heavy exercise or hemorrhage or disease can increase the need. The need for the fluids is signaled by a dry feeling in the throat and mouth, because moisture evaporates rapidly from these areas when the body lacks water.
Triskandha: Hetu skandha (causative factors), liṅgaskandha (signs & symptoms), ousadhaskandha (medicines).
Trivarga: Dharma, artha, kāma
Trivṛt: The combination of any three of the best four oleating substances (sarpiḥ, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as trivṛt.
Tucchadagdha: Inadequate cauterization
Tunnasevanī: Continuous suturing
Tuṣodaka: It is an alcoholic preparation prepared by fermenting the water in which the barley grains with husk are cooked.
Udakodara yantra: Canula for ascitis
Udara: Ascitis
Udara-vyādhi: Abdominal disorders
Udgāra: Belching
Udra: Cat-fish
Udvartana (Powder massage): Massaging the body with fine medicinal herbal powders in the opposite direction of hair follicle by applying high pressure is known as udvartana.
Ūlika: Owl
Unmanana: Elevating, uplifting
Upacakra: Sushi cukor
Upadaṁśa (Syphilis): A chronic infectious disease caused by a spirochete (Treponema pallidum), either transmitted by direct contact, usually in sexual intercourse, or passed from mother to child in utero, and progressing through three stages characterized respectively by local formation of chancres, ulcerous skin eruptions, and systemic infection leading to general paresis.
Upanāhasweda: Conducting sudation by means of poultice
Upaśaya: Adaptability, homogenization, wholesomeness
Upasthātā: Attendant
Ūrja: Strong, powerful, invigorating
Ūṣmasweda: Conducting sudation by means of steam
Ūṣṇasadana: Conducting sudation by keeping the patient in a warm room
Ūṣṇodaka: It is prepared by boiling water over moderate fire and reduced to ⅛th, ¼th or ½ of the quantity.
Uṣṭra: Camel
Utkleṣaṇa: Stirring up
Utkroṣa: Trumpeter
Utpala-patraśastra: Lancet
Utpātana: Up-rooting
Utsāha: Enthusiasm, eagerness, keenness
Utsaṅga bandha: Arm sling bandage
Uttama mātrā: The quantity of oil digested in eight yāma (24 hours) is called uttamamātrā
Uttara vasti: It is a type of medicated enema, which is administered after nīrūhavasti or administered into the orifice superior to anus i.e. either urethra or vagina.
Vaiṣamya: Disequilibrium
Vajīkaraṇa (Aphrodisiacs): Any of various forms of stimulation thought to arouse sexual excitement
Vaktraśoṣa: Dryness of the mouth
Vali: Wrinkles on the skin
Valli pañcamūla: Ajaśṛṅgī, haridrā, vidārī, sāribā, amṛta
Vamathu: Vomiting
Vāmapārśvaśayana: Lying in left lateral position
Vānara: Monkey
Vaṅkṣaṇa: Testes
Vāntāda: Dog
Varāha: Hog
Varaka: A variety of coarse cereal grain
Vāraṇā: Elephant
Varaṭa: Spoonbill
Vardhma: Scrotal enlargement
Varjanīya: To be rejected
Varmicandrika: A kind of cat-fish
Vartaka: Male bustard
Varta: Wick
Vartikā: Female bustard
Vartrī: Rain quill
Vartmagataroga: Diseases of eyelids
Vāruṇī: It is a type of alcoholic preparation
Vasā: Muscle fat
Vasti karma (Medicated enema): Administration of medicated liquid substances into the rectum by means of urinary bladder of various animals like cow, deer, goat, sheep etc. is known as vasti karma.
Vasti parihārakāla: Maximum period of instance to follow the prescribed regimen during the course of administering medicated enema.
Vasti pidānakāla: Time limit to squeeze vastiputaka to push vastidravya into the rectum.
Vasti pratyāgamakāla: Maximum period of withdrawal of vastidravya
Vastidāna: Method of administration of medicated enema
Vastinetra: A nozzle prepared by different types of metals, having a length of 12 inches with three ridges and possessing the shape of a cow’s tail and is useful for administering the drug into rectum.
Vastiputaka: It is a pouch fabricated by means of urinary bladder of different animals like goat, sheep, buffalo etc. and is useful to fill vastidravya during the process of administration of medicated enemata.
Vātaparyaya: Trigeminal neuralgia
Vātavyādhi: Diseases of nervous system
Vāyasa: Crow
Vellatika: Spiral suturing
Veṇu: Bamboo
Vesāvāra: It is a meat preparation. The meat devoid of bones is chopped well, steamed and smashed. To this, powders of pippali, marica, jaggery, salt, ghee etc are added and boiled well again for a while to obtain vesāvāra.
Veṣṭana: Tight bandage
Vetasapatraśastra: Narrow blade knife
Vibandha: Circular chest bandage
Vikarṣaṇa: Drawing off, extraction by catching hold off
Vikāśi: It is an attribute of substances, which spreads into the tissues of the body before it is digested and harms the tissues and causes loosening of joints. Some ācāryas opine that it consists of tīkṣṇaguna (sharpness).
Vilepī: Vilepī is also a rice preparation but differs in consistency. It is more solid than peyā. To prepare vilepī, 4 parts of water and 1 part of broken rice are taken and boiled till rice is completely soft.
Vileśaya: Animals who live in burrows in earth.
Vinamana: Depressing, pressing down
Vipāka: The ingested food or drugs gets digested by jatharāgni (digestive enzymes). The properties that emerge there after are known as vipāka. It is not the taste, but the drug itself undergoes transformation in the form of vipāka.
Viruddhāhāra: The food substances which dislodge the vitiated doṣas from their places and unable to expel them out of the body and acts as antagonistic to the tissues are known as viruddhāhāra.
Virudhaka: Germinated seeds
Vīrya: Potency or special capacity.
Visarga kāla: Nourishing period
Visarpa: Erysipelas
Viśeṣa: Peculiarity
Viṣadātā: The person who administers poison
Viṣamāgni: Erratic digestive fire
Viṣamajwara (Malarial fever): An infection spread by the bite of a mosquito and is characterized by high fever, profuse sweating, often with headache and a feeling of feebleness.
Viṣamāśana: Taking a lesser amount or more quantity of food ahead of time or belatedly.
Viṣkira: Gallinaceous birds
Visūcikā: Cholera
Vitāna bandha: Canopy bandage
Vivaraṇa: Exposing, opening up of a part of the body
Vivartana: Twisting, turning round the instrument inside
Vṛddhi: Increase or aggravation
Vṛddhipatraśastra: Scalpel
Vrihimukhaśastra: Trocar
Vṛka: Wolf
Vṛṣa: Aphrodisiacs
Vṛtta: Circular
Vyadhana: Puncturing, tapping
Vyādhiviparyayacikitsā: Opposite to the disease
Vyāghra: Tiger
Vyanga (Hyper pigmented spots): Hyper pigmentation is a common, usually harmless condition in which patches of skin become darker in color than normal surrounding skin.
Vyavāya: Copulation
Vyāvāyī: It is an attribute of substances, which pervades all over the body initially and undergoes digestion later. It is embedded with sara guṇa (mobile).
Vyāyāma: Physical exercises
Vyūhana: Uplifting or raising up in order to remove
Yamaka bandha: Double bandage
Yamaka: The combination of any two of the best four oleating substances (sarpih, majjā, vasā and taila) is known as yamaka.
Yantra: Blunt instruments
Yāpya: The expression refers to diseases which are incurable but not unmanageable.
Yavāgū: It is a gruel prepared by boiling one part of powdered cereals like paddy, wheat, barley in 6 parts of water.
Yavaka: Small variety of barley
Yavaśūkaja: Yavakṣāra
Yogyam: Suitable to the patient and diseases according the region and season
Yoni-vraṇadarśana yantra: Vaginal speculum
Yūṣa: Semisolid preparation obtained by boiling any type of pulse but without rice.